Teachers' Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Students' Psychological Needs, and Positive and Negative Outcomes in Physical Education.

Focused on physical education (PE), this study examined the association between teachers' communication and students' psychological needs, enjoyment/boredom, PE usefulness, and students' grade perception. Participants were 1,000 students (572 girls; Mage = 14.58 ± 0.65) from 29 Spanish secondary schools. A path model including variables measured at three times was tested: teachers' verbal/nonverbal communication (Time 1), needs satisfaction/frustration (Time 2), and PE outcomes (Time 3). Verbal communication positively predicted needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively predicted enjoyment, PE usefulness, and students' grade perception and negatively predicted boredom. Verbal communication negatively predicted needs frustration, which was a positive predictor of boredom. Multigroup analysis showed that gender did not moderate the associations in the path model, whereas mediating effects were found between teachers' communication and consequences via students' psychological needs. Teachers should improve their communicative capacities to satisfy students' psychological needs and promote positive PE  outcomes.

Adaptación y validación de la escala de liderazgo MLQ-5X al contexto educativo español / Adaptation and validation of the MLQ-5X leadership scale to the Spanish educational context

Desde la teoría del liderazgo transformacional, este estudio tenía como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión adaptada al ámbito educativo del Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X). Un total de 1551 estudiantes españoles (M = 15,47 años ± 0,72; 679 chicos y 872 chicas) de 31 centros de enseñanza secundaria participaron en el estudio. El análisis factorial confirmatorio de la estructura inicial de nueve factores de la escala determinó la necesidad de eliminar dos ítems del factor dirección por excepción pasiva, agrupando en un solo factor el liderazgo pasivo. En un segundo modelo de ocho factores, se hallaron altas correlaciones entre los factores del liderazgo transformacional, señalando la necesidad de establecer un factor de primer orden. Finalmente, se testó un tercer modelo que obtuvo valores adecuados de validez y fiabilidad, que estaba compuesto por 34 ítems distribuidos en 4 factores principales (liderazgo transformacional, recompensa contingente, dirección por excepción activa y liderazgo pasivo) y 5 factores secundarios para el liderazgo transformacional (influencia idealizada conducta, influencia idealizada atribuida, motivación inspiracional, estimulación intelectual y consideración individualizada. Por tanto, la versión española del MLQ-5X en el ámbito educativo puede ser utilizada para evaluar el liderazgo transformacional de los docentes desde la percepción del alumnado

Drawing on the transformational leadership theory, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of a version adapted to the educational environment of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X). A total of 1551 Spanish students (M = 15.47 years ± 0.72; 679 boys and 872 girls) from 31 secondary schools participated in the study. The confirmatory factor analysis of the initial nine-factor structure of the scale determined the need to eliminate two items of the passive exception management factor, grouping passive leadership into a single factor. A second eight-factor model found high correlations between the factors of transformational leadership, revealing the need to establish a first-order factor. Finally, a third model, which obtained adequate values of validity and reliability, was composed of 34 items distributed in 4 main factors (transformational leadership, contingent reward, leadership by active exception, and passive leadership) and 5 secondary factors for transformational leadership (idealized influence behavior, attributed idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration). The Spanish version of the MLQ-5X in the educational field can be used to assess the students' perception of teacher leadership

Influencia de una aplicación de telefonía móvil de entrenamiento sobre las necesidades psicológicas y la motivación autodeterminada en escolares / / Influência de um treinamento de aplicação de telefonia móvel em necessidades psicológicas e motivação auto-determinada na escola / Influence of a mobile telephone application for training about psychological needs and autodetermined motivation in students

Sobre la base teórica de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, con el presente estudio se pretendía analizar el efecto de las aplicaciones móviles relacionadas con el control del entrenamiento, sobre las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el nivel de autodeterminación hacia la práctica deportiva y la diversión. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio cuasi experimental en el que participaron 54 alumnos (M = 16.4; DT = 1.51), de género masculino (n = 32) y de género femenino (n = 22) de cinco centros de enseñanza secundaria de la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura. Los sujetos del grupo experimental (n = 27) desarrollaron un programa de intervención de entrenamiento autónomo de tipo aeróbico registrado y controlado en la aplicación móvil 'Endomondo Sport Tracker' de ocho semanas de duración. Los componentes del grupo de control experimental (n = 27) registraron el mismo programa de entrenamiento autónomo en una ficha de registro facilitada por el grupo investigador. Los resultados demostraron que la satisfacción de la necesidad de competencia, la autodeterminación hacia la realización de la actividad y la diversión al realizarla fueron mayores en aquellos participantes que utilizaron la aplicación respecto a aquellos que no la utilizaron. A pesar de ello, no se registraron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las variables analizadas en el estudio, por lo que se considera necesario seguir indagando en esta línea de trabajo (AU)

About the theoretical base of the Autodetermination Theory, the present research has tried to analyse the effect of the mobile applications which are related to the control of training about the basic psychological needs, the level of self-determination towards sport practice and fun. In order to do that, a quasi-experimental research was carried out in which 54 students (M = 16.4; SD = 1.51), both male and female, of different state schools of secondary education of Extremadura. The subjects of the experimental group (n=27) developed a programme of intervention of autonomous training of aerobic kind which was recorded and controlled with the mobile application 'Endomondo Sport Tracker', with an eight- week duration. The components of the group of experimental control (n=27) recorded the same programme of autonomous training in a record sheet provided by the research group. The results showed that the satisfaction of the need for competence, the self-determination towards the fulfillment of the activity and the fun when carrying it out were higher in those students who used the application in regard to those who did not. In spite of that, no meaningful differences were noticed in most of the variables analyzed in the study, therefore, deeper research in this field must be carried out (AU)

Com base teórica da Teoria da Autodeterminação, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito de aplicações móveis relacionados com a formação de monitoramento das necessidades psicológicas básicas, o nível de auto -determinação para o esporte e diversão. , Sexo masculino (n = 32) e feminino ( n = 22) de cinco escolas secundárias na comunidade; para fazer isso, um estudo quasi- experimental , em que 54 alunos (M = 1,51 DP = 16,4 ) participaram desenvolvido Extremadura autônoma. Os indivíduos do grupo experimental (n = 27) desenvolveram um programa de intervenção treinamento aeróbio autônomo registrado e controlado nas 'Endomondo Sports Tracker' aplicativo móvel oito semanas. Os componentes do grupo de controle experimental ( n = 27) tiveram o mesmo programa de treinamento autônomo em um formulário de inscrição fornecido pelo grupo de pesquisa . Os resultados mostraram que a satisfação da necessidade de competência, auto -determinação para a realização da atividade e divertido de ser realizada foram maiores nos participantes que utilizaram o aplicativo com relação àqueles que não usaram . No entanto, não foram observadas diferenças significativas na maioria das variáveis analisadas no estudo, por isso é considerada necessária para continuar o trabalho nesta linha de trabalho (AU)